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1 from
[frɔm] preposition1) used before the place, thing, person, time etc that is the point at which an action, journey, period of time etc begins:مِنa letter from her father.
2) used to indicate that from which something or someone comes:مأخوذ مِنa quotation from Shakespeare.
3) used to indicate separation:مِنTake it from him.
4) used to indicate a cause or reason:من ، بِسَبَبHe is suffering from a cold.
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2 in cold blood
while free from excitement or passion:بِدَمٍ بارِدٍHe killed his son in cold blood.
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3 внезапное прекращение действия наркотиков (sudden withdrawal from drugs)
Drugs: Cold turkeyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > внезапное прекращение действия наркотиков (sudden withdrawal from drugs)
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4 rozruch silnika zimnego
• cold starting• starting from coldSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > rozruch silnika zimnego
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5 froid
froid, e [fʀwa, fʀwad]1. adjective2. masculine noun► à froid• « laver or lavage à froid » "wash in cold water"b. ( = brouille) coolness* * *
1.
froide fʀwɑ, fʀwɑd adjectif1) ( à basse température) cold2) fig [personne, lumière, beauté] cold; [accueil, manières, ton] cool; [humour] deadpan; [colère] controlledlaisser froid — to leave [somebody] cold
2.
nom masculin1) ( basse température) coldattraper or prendre froid — to catch a cold
coup de froid — Médecine chill
2) ( distance) coldnessjeter un froid — to cast a chill (dans, sur over)
3.
à froid locution adverbiale••il fait un froid de canard — (colloq) it is bitterly cold
avoir/faire or donner froid dans le dos — to feel/to send a shiver down the spine
* * *fʀwa, fʀwad froid, -e1. adj1) (température, saison, appartement, plat) cold2) fig (personne, attitude, couleur) coldÇa me laisse froid. — It leaves me cold.
2. nm1) (= sensation, température) coldprendre froid — to catch a chill, to catch a cold
2) (= malaise) (dans une relation) coolness no plIl y un certain froid entre eux depuis l'affaire de Muriel. — There's been a certain coolness between them since the Muriel thing.
* * *A adj2 ( sans chaleur) [personne, lumière, beauté, couleur, voix, objectivité] cold; [accueil, manières, réponse] cool; [ton, rapport, mots, observateur, œil] dispassionate; [haine] callous; [monstre] cold-blooded; [humour] deadpan; [rage, colère] controlled; être froid avec qn to be cool toward(s) sb; laisser froid to leave [sb] cold; rester froid devant to remain unmoved by.B adv il fait froid it's cold.C nm1 ( basse température) cold; il fait un de ces froids it's freezing cold; froid vif biting cold; à l'abri du froid sheltered from the cold; engourdi par le froid numb with cold; sortir dans le froid to go out in the cold; se protéger contre le froid to protect oneself against the cold; avoir froid to be cold; avoir froid aux pieds to have cold feet; attraper or prendre froid to catch a cold; mourir de froid lit ( dehors) to die of exposure; ( sous un toit) to die of cold; fig to be freezing to death; venir du froid to come in from the cold; coup de froid Méd chill; Météo cold snap; être/rester au froid to be/to stay in the cold; conserver au froid keep in a cool place; ⇒ grand, souffler;2 ( distance) coldness; le froid de ton regard the coldness of your stare; il y a un certain froid dans nos relations there's a certain coolness in our relationship; ils sont en froid avec moi/la France relations between them and me/France are strained; jeter un froid to cast a chill (dans, sur over); il y a eu comme un froid it was as if a chill had been cast over everything.D à froid loc adv1 Tech coulée/vulcanisation/étirage/laminage/démarrage à froid cold casting/vulcanization/drawing/rolling/start;2 ( sans préparation) spontaneous; plaisanterie/provocation à froid spontaneous joke/provocation;3 ( sans passion) analyse/sondage/discussion à froid impartial analysis/poll/discussion;4 Méd opérer à froid to perform non-critical surgery.froid industriel Ind refrigeration.battre froid à qn to cold-shoulder sb; il fait un froid de canard or de loup it is bitterly cold; faire froid dans le cœur to sadden one's heart; avoir/faire or donner froid dans le dos to feel/send a shiver down the spine; ne pas avoir froid aux yeux to be fearless; garder la tête froide to keep a cool head.1. [boisson, temps, moteur] cold2. [indifférent - personne] cold, insensitive, unfeeling ; [ - tempérament] cold ; [ - accueil] cold, chilly ; [ - réponse] cold, cool ; [ - attitude] cold, unfriendlyton/regard froid hostile tone/staredevant ce spectacle, il est resté froid he was unmoved by the sightstyle froid bloodless ou cold stylela piste est froide the scent is cold, the trail's gone dead————————nom masculin1. [température]a. [climat] cold weather, the coldb. [air] the cold (air)coup de froid cold spell ou snapil fait un froid de canard ou sibérien it's freezing ou bitterly cold2. [sensation]avoir froid to be ou to feel coldça me donne froid dans le dos it makes my blood run cold, it sends shivers down my spineune histoire qui fait froid dans le dos a chilling ou creepy storyil n'a pas froid aux yeux he's bold ou plucky3. [malaise]————————adverbeen janvier, il fait froid the weather's cold in Januaryboire froid [habituellement] to drink cold drinks————————à froid locution adjectivale→ link=opération opération————————à froid locution adverbiale2. [sans préparation]prendre quelqu'un à froid to catch somebody unawares ou off guard3. MÉTALLURGIE cold4. MÉDECINEintervenir ou opérer à froid to operate between attacks -
6 κρύος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `icy cold, frost' (Hes. Op. 494, A. in lyr., Arist., Jul.).Derivatives: κρυόεις `horrible, lugubrious' (Il., Hes., Pi.), `icy-cold' (A. R., AP, Orph.) with analogical - ο- (cf. also Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28); s. also ὀκρυόεις; κρυώδης `id.' (Plu., Poll.); further perh. κρυερός `horrible, lugubrious' (Hom., Hes., Ar. in lyr.), `icy-cold' (Simon., Ar. in lyr.); cf. below. - Beside κρύος there are as independent formations: 1. κρῡμός m. `icy cold, frost, horror' (Ion., trag., hell.) with κρυμώδης `icy-cold' (Hp., Ph., AP), κρυμαλέος `id.' (S. E.; Debrunner IF 23, 22, Chantraine Formation 254), κρυμ-αίνω `make cold' (Hdn.), - ώσσω `be rigid from cold' (Theognost.). -- 2. κρύσταλλος s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The wordgroup has cognates in diff. languages. On κρύσταλλος, which is Pre-Greek, s.v. The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) Further one connects Toch. B krost, A kuraś etc. `cold' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 155 f.), but the -o- is difficult. One assumed for crusta the zero grade of an s-stem (so this is now wrong or irrelevant); beside it one proposed a full grade of the suffix in IE. *kruu̯-es- (?), Gr. κρύ-ος and in Latv. kruv-es-is `frozen mud'. Now *kruu̯-es- is not an admitted IE formation. It may have been * kruh₁-es-. [Not, with Frisk, to the word for `blood' Lat. cruōr \< * kreuh₂-ōs, Gr. κρέ(Ϝ)ας \< *kreu̯h₂-s-, s. v.] - With κρῡμός agrees Av. xrū-ma- `horrible'; but this word is analysed as * kruh₂-mo- and connected with the group of `blood' (above). One compared κρύος: κρῦμός with θύος: θῡμός, but the implication is not clear. The often assumed basic forms *κρύσ-ος, *κρυσ-μός are improbable (Frisk; does Chantraine accept this?) - κρυερός reminds of Skt. krūrá-, Av. xrūra- `wounded, raw, bloody, horrible', which points to * kruH-ro- (and Lat. crūdus `raw', if from * crūrus). κρυερός may have been rebuilt after the adj. in - ερός, but it can as well be an independent derivation from κρύος; cf. Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 23 n. 22. It might continue * kruh₁-er- (reconstructed above). Chantraine rejects the connection with `blood', as it would not fit semantically (but I think it fits very well) or formally. - A verbal * kreus- appears in Germanic, e.g. OWNo. *hrjósa, pret. hraus `shiver' with the zero grade verbal noun OHG hroso, -a `ice, crust'. On OIc. hrjósa see De Vries Wb., who denies that it has to do with cold or ice. - [Kluge22 s.v. Kruste derives it from `verkrustetes Blut', which must be wrong, s. above.].Page in Frisk: 2,28-29Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύος
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7 мръзна
freeze, shiver with cold, feel cold, suffer from cold(стоя на студа) stand out in the cold, be exposed to the cold(замръзвам) freeze, congeal* * *мръ̀зна,гл. freeze, shiver with cold, feel cold, suffer from cold; ( стоя на студа) stand out in the cold, be exposed to the cold; ( замръзвам) freeze, congeal.* * *1. (замръзвам) freeze, congeal 2. (стоя на студа) stand out in the cold, be exposed to the cold 3. freeze, shiver with cold, feel cold, suffer from cold -
8 студ
1. cold(застудяване на времето) cold spellснлен/остьр/лют студ bitter/sharp/biting coldсвива/хваща-а cold spell sets inдърво н камък се пука от студ it's bitter/icy cold2. мед. algor, cold, chill* * *студ,м., -овѐ 1. cold; ( застудяване на времето) cold spell; дърво и камък се пука от \студ it’s bitter/icy cold; кучешки \студ beastly/bitter cold weather; свива/хваща \студ a cold spell sets in; силен/остър/лют \студ bitter/sharp/biting cold; сух \студ dry frost; умирам от \студ be freezing;2. мед. algor, cold, chill.* * *cold: She is shaking with студ. - Тя трепери от студ.; algor (мед.); chill ; iciness* * *1. (застудяване на времето) cold spell 2. cold 3. бера СТУД be cold;stand in the cold;suffer from cold 4. дърво н камък се пука от СТУД`it's bitter/icy cold 5. кучешки СТУД beastly/bitter cold weather 6. мед. algor, cold, chill 7. от СТУД with cold 8. свива/хваща - a cold spell sets in 9. снлен/остьр/лют СТУД bitter/sharp/biting cold 10. сух СТУД dry frost 11. умирам от СТУД be freezing -
9 צנה
צִנָּה, צִינָּהIII (b. h.; צָנַן) cold. Tosef.Ohol.II, 6 נכנסה עליו צ׳ ומת he caught cold on it (on the trepanned skull) and died. Y.Sabb.XIV, 14c bot. תשעים … מתים בצ׳וכ׳ ninety-nine men die from cold to one by the hands of heaven; Lev. R. s. 16. B. Mets. 107b (ref. to כל חלי, Deut. 7:15) זו צ׳ that means cold. Tosef.Sabb.III (IV), 5 צִינָּתָן; Y. ib. III, 6b top צִינָּתָהּ, v. פּוּג h.; a. fr.Pl. צִנִּים, צִנִּין, צִי׳. Y.B. Kam.VIII, beg.6b הטיל עליו שלג או צ׳וכ׳ if he put snow or ice-cold water ; ib. bot. צונן. Ex. R. s. 25, beg. בקש צ׳ … בקש חמיםוכ׳ (not גחלים) if he wants ice-water, he gets it (out of the milliarium); if he wants hot water ; (Tanḥ. Vayera 10 חמין … צונן).צ׳ פחים (adopted from Prov. 22:5) blowing cold winds, cold draughts; (oth. opin.: צ׳ ופ׳ cold and heat, v. פַּח II). B. Mets. l. c.; Ab. Zar.3b; Keth.30a; B. Bath. 144b הכל בידי שמים חוץ מצ׳ פ׳ everything is in the power of heavens (comes from no fault of man), except sickness from cold droughts, as we read (Prov. l. c.) ; Yalk. Prov. 960 מצ׳ ופ׳. -
10 צינה
צִנָּה, צִינָּהIII (b. h.; צָנַן) cold. Tosef.Ohol.II, 6 נכנסה עליו צ׳ ומת he caught cold on it (on the trepanned skull) and died. Y.Sabb.XIV, 14c bot. תשעים … מתים בצ׳וכ׳ ninety-nine men die from cold to one by the hands of heaven; Lev. R. s. 16. B. Mets. 107b (ref. to כל חלי, Deut. 7:15) זו צ׳ that means cold. Tosef.Sabb.III (IV), 5 צִינָּתָן; Y. ib. III, 6b top צִינָּתָהּ, v. פּוּג h.; a. fr.Pl. צִנִּים, צִנִּין, צִי׳. Y.B. Kam.VIII, beg.6b הטיל עליו שלג או צ׳וכ׳ if he put snow or ice-cold water ; ib. bot. צונן. Ex. R. s. 25, beg. בקש צ׳ … בקש חמיםוכ׳ (not גחלים) if he wants ice-water, he gets it (out of the milliarium); if he wants hot water ; (Tanḥ. Vayera 10 חמין … צונן).צ׳ פחים (adopted from Prov. 22:5) blowing cold winds, cold draughts; (oth. opin.: צ׳ ופ׳ cold and heat, v. פַּח II). B. Mets. l. c.; Ab. Zar.3b; Keth.30a; B. Bath. 144b הכל בידי שמים חוץ מצ׳ פ׳ everything is in the power of heavens (comes from no fault of man), except sickness from cold droughts, as we read (Prov. l. c.) ; Yalk. Prov. 960 מצ׳ ופ׳. -
11 צִנָּה
צִנָּה, צִינָּהIII (b. h.; צָנַן) cold. Tosef.Ohol.II, 6 נכנסה עליו צ׳ ומת he caught cold on it (on the trepanned skull) and died. Y.Sabb.XIV, 14c bot. תשעים … מתים בצ׳וכ׳ ninety-nine men die from cold to one by the hands of heaven; Lev. R. s. 16. B. Mets. 107b (ref. to כל חלי, Deut. 7:15) זו צ׳ that means cold. Tosef.Sabb.III (IV), 5 צִינָּתָן; Y. ib. III, 6b top צִינָּתָהּ, v. פּוּג h.; a. fr.Pl. צִנִּים, צִנִּין, צִי׳. Y.B. Kam.VIII, beg.6b הטיל עליו שלג או צ׳וכ׳ if he put snow or ice-cold water ; ib. bot. צונן. Ex. R. s. 25, beg. בקש צ׳ … בקש חמיםוכ׳ (not גחלים) if he wants ice-water, he gets it (out of the milliarium); if he wants hot water ; (Tanḥ. Vayera 10 חמין … צונן).צ׳ פחים (adopted from Prov. 22:5) blowing cold winds, cold draughts; (oth. opin.: צ׳ ופ׳ cold and heat, v. פַּח II). B. Mets. l. c.; Ab. Zar.3b; Keth.30a; B. Bath. 144b הכל בידי שמים חוץ מצ׳ פ׳ everything is in the power of heavens (comes from no fault of man), except sickness from cold droughts, as we read (Prov. l. c.) ; Yalk. Prov. 960 מצ׳ ופ׳. -
12 צִינָּה
צִנָּה, צִינָּהIII (b. h.; צָנַן) cold. Tosef.Ohol.II, 6 נכנסה עליו צ׳ ומת he caught cold on it (on the trepanned skull) and died. Y.Sabb.XIV, 14c bot. תשעים … מתים בצ׳וכ׳ ninety-nine men die from cold to one by the hands of heaven; Lev. R. s. 16. B. Mets. 107b (ref. to כל חלי, Deut. 7:15) זו צ׳ that means cold. Tosef.Sabb.III (IV), 5 צִינָּתָן; Y. ib. III, 6b top צִינָּתָהּ, v. פּוּג h.; a. fr.Pl. צִנִּים, צִנִּין, צִי׳. Y.B. Kam.VIII, beg.6b הטיל עליו שלג או צ׳וכ׳ if he put snow or ice-cold water ; ib. bot. צונן. Ex. R. s. 25, beg. בקש צ׳ … בקש חמיםוכ׳ (not גחלים) if he wants ice-water, he gets it (out of the milliarium); if he wants hot water ; (Tanḥ. Vayera 10 חמין … צונן).צ׳ פחים (adopted from Prov. 22:5) blowing cold winds, cold draughts; (oth. opin.: צ׳ ופ׳ cold and heat, v. פַּח II). B. Mets. l. c.; Ab. Zar.3b; Keth.30a; B. Bath. 144b הכל בידי שמים חוץ מצ׳ פ׳ everything is in the power of heavens (comes from no fault of man), except sickness from cold droughts, as we read (Prov. l. c.) ; Yalk. Prov. 960 מצ׳ ופ׳. -
13 студувам
freeze, be cold; stand/stay in the cold; suffer from cold* * *студу̀вам,гл. freeze, be cold; stand/stay in the cold; suffer from cold.* * *freeze, be cold;stand/stay in the cold; suffer from cold -
14 vor
I Präp.1. räumlich: in front of; (in Gegenwart von) auch in the presence of; vor der Tür at the door; vor der Stadt (außerhalb) outside the town; vor das oder vors Haus etc. gehen go in front of the house etc.; sich vor den Fernseher etc. setzen sit down in front of the television etc.; vor einem Hintergrund against a background; vor dem Wind segeln sail before the wind; das Subjekt steht vor dem Verb comes before ( oder precedes) the verb; Auge 1, Tür, Zeuge etc.2. zeitlich: before; Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit: ago; am Tage vor... (on) the day before...; vor einigen Tagen a few days ago, the other day; ( heute) vor acht Tagen a week ago (today); fünf ( Minuten) vor zehn five (minutes) to (Am. auch of) ten; etw. vor sich haben have s.th. ahead ( oder coming up)3. vor Tatsachen / einem Problem / einer Aufgabe etc. stehen be faced ( oder confronted) with facts / a problem / a task etc.; vor dem Ruin stehen be faced with ruin, be on the verge ( oder brink) of ruin; sich verbeugen vor (+ Dat) bow ( Frau: curtsey) to oder before; vor allem, vor allen Dingen above all; vor sich hin murmeln mutter ( oder mumble) to o.s.; vor sich gehen gehen I 34. (wegen) with, for, on account of, because of; vor Freude springen / schreien jump / shout for ( oder with) joy; vor ( lauter) Lachen konnte ich nichts sagen I couldn’t speak for laughing; vor ( lauter) Arbeit with all that work, for work; zittern vor Angst etc.: shake ( oder tremble) with; vor Hunger sterben die of hunger; sich fürchten vor (+ Dat) be afraid ofII Adv. (nach vorn, vorwärts) forward(s); er konnte weder vor noch zurück he couldn’t go forward(s) or backward(s), he couldn’t move either way; Freiwillige vor! any volunteers step forward!; SC vor, noch ein Tor! come on SC, let’s have another one!* * *(Uhrzeit) to (Präp.);* * *[foːɐ]1. prep +acc or dat1) +dat (räumlich) in front of; (= außerhalb von) outside; (= vor Hintergrund) against; (= in Gegenwart von) in front of; (= in jds Achtung) in the eyes of; (bei Reihenfolge) before; (bei Rangordnung) before, ahead ofder See/die Stadt lag vór uns — the lake/town lay before us
vór jdm herfahren/hergehen — to drive/walk in front of or ahead of sb
vór der Kirche rechts abbiegen — turn right before the church
vór der Stadt — outside the town
vór einer Kommission/allen Leuten — before or in front of a commission/everyone
vór Gott sind alle Menschen gleich — all people are equal before God or in God's sight
sich vór jdm/etw verneigen (lit, fig) — to bow before or to sb/sth
vór allen Dingen, vór allem — above all
vór dem Fernseher sitzen or hocken (inf) — to sit in front of the TV
ein Schlag vór den Oberkörper — a blow on the chest
3) +dat (zeitlich) beforevór Christi Geburt — before Christ, BC
zwanzig (Minuten) vór drei — twenty (minutes) to three
heute vór acht Tagen — a week ago today
das ist or liegt noch vór uns — this is still to come
ich war vór ihm an der Reihe — I was in front of him
ich war vór ihm da — I was there before him
vór einigen Tagen/langer Zeit/fünf Jahren — a few days/a long time/five years ago
am Tage vór der Prüfung — the day before the examination
4) +accvór sich hin summen/lachen/sprechen etc — to hum/laugh/talk etc to oneself
vór sich hin schreiben/arbeiten — to write/work away
vór sich hin wandern — to wander on
5) +datvór sich her — before one, in front of one
er ließ die Schüler vór sich her gehen — he let the pupils go in front (of him)
6) +dat (Ursache angebend) withvór Hunger sterben — to die of hunger
vór Kälte zittern — to tremble with or from cold
vór Schmerz laut schreien — to cry out with or in pain
vór lauter Arbeit — for or because of work
alles strahlt vór Sauberkeit — everything is shining clean
7)(in fester Verbindung mit n, vb, adj siehe auch dort)
Schutz vór jdm/etw suchen — to seek protection from sb/sthvór jdm/etw sicher sein — to be safe from sb/sth
Achtung vór jdm/etw haben — to have respect for sb/sth
sich vór jdm verstecken — to hide from sb
wie ist das vór sich gegangen? — how did it happen?
2. adv1)vór und zurück — backwards and forwards
alle kleinen Kinder vór! — all small children to the front!
wer Karten will, vór! — come up and get your tickets!
Borussia vór, noch ein Tor! — come on Borussia, let's have another!
2)See:→ nach3)(N Ger inf = davor)
da sei Gott vór — God forbiddas wird nicht passieren, da bin ich vór — that won't happen, I'll see to it
* * *1) (at a certain time in the past: two years ago; Long ago, men lived in caves; How long ago did he leave?) ago2) (in front of: She was before me in the queue.) before3) (rather than: Honour before wealth.) before4) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) of5) (before: Prior to working in America, he had travelled in Europe.) prior to6) (as the result of: He is shaking with fear.) with* * *[fɔɐ̯]I. präp▪ \vor jdm/etw in front of sb/sthich sitze zwölf Stunden am Tag \vor dem Bildschirm! I spend twelve hours a day sitting in front of a screen!sie ließ ihn \vor sich her gehen she let him go in front of her\vor der Tür steht ein Vertreter there's a salesman at the doordas Subjekt steht \vor dem Objekt the subject precedes [or comes before] the objecteine Binde \vor den Augen tragen to have a bandage over one's eyes\vor der Stadt outside the town\vor Gott sind alle Menschen gleich in the eyes of God everyone is equal\vor Zeugen in the presence [or in front] of witnesses\vor Zuschauern [o Publikum] in front of spectators\vor Gericht/dem Richter stehen to stand before the court/judge\vor etw davonlaufen to run away from sthjdn \vor jdm warnen to warn sb about sbsetz dich bitte nicht direkt \vor mich please don't sit directly in front of meder Sessel kommt \vor den Fernseher the armchair goes in front of the televisionein Schlag \vor die Brust a blow on the chestjdn \vor ein Ultimatum stellen to give sb an ultimatumwenn du dich beeilst, kannst du noch \vor Dienstag in Berlin sein if you hurry, you can be in Berlin before Tuesdayes ist zehn \vor zwölf it is ten to twelvevor kurzem/wenigen Augenblicken/hundert Jahren a short time/a few moments/hundred years ago12. +dat (Reihen-, Rangfolge) beforeich war \vor dir dran I was before you\vor allem above all\vor jdm am Ziel sein to get somewhere before sb [arrives]\vor Furcht/Kälte zittern to shake with fear/cold\vor Hunger sterben to die of hunger\vor Schmerz schreien to cry out in painich konnte \vor Schmerzen die ganze Nacht nicht schlafen I couldn't sleep all night because of the painstarr \vor Schreck rigid with horrorII. adv1. (nach vorne) forwardFreiwillige \vor! volunteers one step forward!\vor und zurück backwards and forwardsda habe ich Angst \vor I'm afraid of thatda hat er sich \vor gedrückt he got out of that nicely fam* * *1.1) (räumlich) in front of; (weiter vorn als) ahead of; in front of; (nicht ganz so weit wie) before; (außerhalb) outside200 m vor der Abzweigung — 200 m. before the turn-off
etwas vor sich haben — (fig.) have something before one
2) (zeitlich) beforees ist fünf [Minuten] vor sieben — it is five [minutes] to seven
3) (bei Reihenfolge, Rangordnung) beforeknapp vor jemandem siegen — win just ahead or in front of somebody
4) (in Gegenwart von) before; in front ofvor Zeugen — before or in the presence of witnesses
5) (aufgrund von) withvor Hunger/Durst umkommen — die of hunger/thirst
vor Arbeit/Schulden nicht mehr aus und ein wissen — not know which way to turn for work/debts
6)vor fünf Minuten/Jahren — five minutes/years ago
2.heute/gestern/morgen vor einer Woche — a week ago today/yesterday/tomorrow
Präposition mit Akk. in front of3.Adverb forward* * *A. präpvor der Tür at the door;vor der Stadt (außerhalb) outside the town;vors Haus etcgehen go in front of the house etc;setzen sit down in front of the television etc;vor einem Hintergrund against a background;vor dem Wind segeln sail before the wind;am Tage vor … (on) the day before …;vor einigen Tagen a few days ago, the other day;(heute) vor acht Tagen a week ago (today);fünf (Minuten) vor zehn five (minutes) to (US auch of) ten;etwas vor sich haben have sth ahead ( oder coming up)3.vor Tatsachen/einem Problem/einer Aufgabe etcvor dem Ruin stehen be faced with ruin, be on the verge ( oder brink) of ruin;vor allem, vor allen Dingen above all;vor sich hin murmeln mutter ( oder mumble) to o.s.;4. (wegen) with, for, on account of, because of;vor Freude springen/schreien jump/shout for ( oder with) joy;vor (lauter) Lachen konnte ich nichts sagen I couldn’t speak for laughing;vor (lauter) Arbeit with all that work, for work;vor Hunger sterben die of hunger;sich fürchten vor (+dat) be afraid ofB. adv (nach vorn, vorwärts) forward(s);er konnte weder vor noch zurück he couldn’t go forward(s) or backward(s), he couldn’t move either way;Freiwillige vor! any volunteers step forward!;SC vor, noch ein Tor! come on SC, let’s have another one!* * *1.1) (räumlich) in front of; (weiter vorn als) ahead of; in front of; (nicht ganz so weit wie) before; (außerhalb) outside200 m vor der Abzweigung — 200 m. before the turn-off
etwas vor sich haben — (fig.) have something before one
2) (zeitlich) beforees ist fünf [Minuten] vor sieben — it is five [minutes] to seven
3) (bei Reihenfolge, Rangordnung) beforeknapp vor jemandem siegen — win just ahead or in front of somebody
4) (in Gegenwart von) before; in front ofvor Zeugen — before or in the presence of witnesses
5) (aufgrund von) withvor Hunger/Durst umkommen — die of hunger/thirst
vor Arbeit/Schulden nicht mehr aus und ein wissen — not know which way to turn for work/debts
6)vor fünf Minuten/Jahren — five minutes/years ago
2.heute/gestern/morgen vor einer Woche — a week ago today/yesterday/tomorrow
Präposition mit Akk. in front of3.Adverb forward* * *before (after)tax expr. adj.ago adj. präp.before prep.from prep.in front of prep.of prep. v.ante- prefix -
15 zębnǫti
I. zębnǫti I Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `suffer from cold'Russian:zjábnut' `suffer from cold' [verb]Czech:zábnouti `suffer from cold' [verb]Slovak:Polish:ziębnąć `suffer from cold' [verb]Lithuanian:žem̃bti `cut slantwise, sharpen' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: ǵembʰ-Other cognates:Skt. jámbhate `snatch' [verb];Skt. jámbhayati `crush' [verb]II. zębnǫti II Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `germinate'Old Church Slavic:prozębnǫti `germinate' [verb]Old Russian:Lithuanian:žémbėti `germinate, sprout' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: ǵemb-??Other cognates: -
16 schütteln
I vt/i shake; vor dem Öffnen / vor Gebrauch gut schütteln! shake well before opening / before use; den Kopf oder mit dem Kopf schütteln shake one’s head; jemandem die Hand schütteln shake s.o.’s hand, shake hands with s.o.; vom Fieber / von Weinkrämpfen geschüttelt werden be shivering with fever / shaking with sobs; da kann man nur mit dem Kopf schütteln umg., fig. one can only shake one’s head in disbelief; Ärmel, ÖffnenII v/refl shake, shudder ( vor Angst etc. with fear etc.); sich vor Kälte schütteln shiver with cold; der nasse Hund schüttelte sich the wet dog shook itself; ich musste mich schütteln it made me shudder, it gave me the creeps umg.; er schüttelte sich vor Lachen umg. he shook with laughter* * *to shake* * *schụ̈t|teln ['ʃʏtln]1. vtto shake; (= rütteln) to shake about, to jolt (about)See:→ Hand2. vrto shake oneself; (vor Kälte) to shiver (vor with); (vor Ekel) to shudder (vor with, in)* * *das1) (an act of shaking: He gave the bottle a shake.) shake2) (to shake or tear with the teeth etc as a dog does its prey etc.) worry* * *schüt·teln[ˈʃʏtl̩n]I. vt1. (rütteln)▪ etw/jdn \schütteln to shake sth/sb▪ etw schüttelt jdn sth makes sb shiverdas Fieber schüttelte sie she was racked with feverII. vi to shakeverneinend mit dem Kopf \schütteln to shake one's headverwundert mit dem Kopf \schütteln to shake one's head in amazementIII. vrIV. vi impers▪ es schüttelt jdn sb shudderses schüttelte sie vor Ekel she shuddered with disgust* * *1.transitives (auch intransitives) Verb1) shakeden Kopf [über etwas (Akk.)]/die Faust [gegen jemanden] schütteln — shake one's head [over something]/one's fist [at somebody]
jemandem die Hand schütteln — shake somebody's hand; shake somebody by the hand
das Fieber/die Angst/das Grauen schüttelte ihn — he was shivering or shaking with fever/fear/gripped with horror
2) (unpers.)2.es schüttelte ihn [vor Kälte] — he was shaking [with or from cold]
reflexives Verb shake oneself/itself3.intransitives Verb* * *A. v/t & v/i shake;vor dem Öffnen/vor Gebrauch gut schütteln! shake well before opening/before use;mit dem Kopf schütteln shake one’s head;jemandem die Hand schütteln shake sb’s hand, shake hands with sb;vom Fieber/von Weinkrämpfen geschüttelt werden be shivering with fever/shaking with sobs;da kann man nur mit dem Kopf schütteln umg, fig one can only shake one’s head in disbelief; → Ärmel, ÖffnenB. v/r shake, shudder (sich vor Kälte schütteln shiver with cold;der nasse Hund schüttelte sich the wet dog shook itself;ich musste mich schütteln it made me shudder, it gave me the creeps umg;er schüttelte sich vor Lachen umg he shook with laughter* * *1.transitives (auch intransitives) Verb1) shakeden Kopf [über etwas (Akk.)]/die Faust [gegen jemanden] schütteln — shake one's head [over something]/one's fist [at somebody]
jemandem die Hand schütteln — shake somebody's hand; shake somebody by the hand
das Fieber/die Angst/das Grauen schüttelte ihn — he was shivering or shaking with fever/fear/gripped with horror
2) (unpers.)2.es schüttelte ihn [vor Kälte] — he was shaking [with or from cold]
reflexives Verb shake oneself/itself3.intransitives Verb* * *v.to churn v.to rock v.to shake v.(§ p.,p.p.: shook, shaken) -
17 пуск электродвигателя из холодного состояния
пуск электродвигателя из холодного состояния
-2.5.12. Электродвигатели с короткозамкнутыми роторами разрешается пускать из холодного состояния 2 раза подряд, из горячего — 1 раз, если заводской инструкцией не допускается большего количества пусков. Последующие пуски разрешаются после охлаждения электродвигателя в течение времени, определяемого заводской инструкцией для данного типа электродвигателя.
[ ПТЭЭП - Правила технической эксплуатации электроустановок потребителей]
Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > пуск электродвигателя из холодного состояния
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18 запуск холодного двигателя
1) General subject: cold start2) Engineering: cold engine start, cold-start3) Automobile industry: start up from cold, starting from coldУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > запуск холодного двигателя
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19 algens
algeo, alsi, 2, v. n. [acc. to Fest. from algeô = to feel pain; cf. algos, algor, and algus], to be cold, to feel cold; cf. Consent. 2051 P. (opp. aestuare; accordingly a subjective coldness; while frigere, opp. calere, is objective, Doed. Syn. 3, 89): si algebis, tremes, Naev. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 286:erudiunt juventutem, algendo, aestuando,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34:sudavit et alsit,
Hor. A. P. 413:algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,
Ov. A. A. 2, 214.— Poet.:algentes togae, i. e. so torn to pieces, that those who wear them must suffer from cold,
Mart. 12, 36.— Trop.: probitas laudatur et alget, virtue is praised, and yet freezes, i. e. is not cherished, is neglected, Juv. 1, 74.—Hence, algens, P. a., in the post-Aug. per., = algidus and frigidus, cold:pruinae,
Stat. Th. 3, 469:loca,
Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 27; 16, 10, 19, § 46. -
20 algeo
algeo, alsi, 2, v. n. [acc. to Fest. from algeô = to feel pain; cf. algos, algor, and algus], to be cold, to feel cold; cf. Consent. 2051 P. (opp. aestuare; accordingly a subjective coldness; while frigere, opp. calere, is objective, Doed. Syn. 3, 89): si algebis, tremes, Naev. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 286:erudiunt juventutem, algendo, aestuando,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34:sudavit et alsit,
Hor. A. P. 413:algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,
Ov. A. A. 2, 214.— Poet.:algentes togae, i. e. so torn to pieces, that those who wear them must suffer from cold,
Mart. 12, 36.— Trop.: probitas laudatur et alget, virtue is praised, and yet freezes, i. e. is not cherished, is neglected, Juv. 1, 74.—Hence, algens, P. a., in the post-Aug. per., = algidus and frigidus, cold:pruinae,
Stat. Th. 3, 469:loca,
Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 27; 16, 10, 19, § 46.
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